Vegetable production has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors of agriculture in Son La province in recent years; however, it continues to face significant challenges related to product quality, food safety, and production efficiency. In this context, greenhouse and net house vegetable cultivation is increasingly viewed as a promising approach to better control growing conditions and enhance value added. The study “Current status and solutions for developing greenhouse and net house vegetable production in Son La province,” conducted by a research team from the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute and the Vietnam National University of Agriculture, draws directly on on-the-ground production and distribution practices. It provides a relatively comprehensive assessment of the scale, performance, and key challenges associated with this production model across the province.

In response to the increasingly evident impacts of climate change and sea level rise on coastal areas, a research team from Thanh Dong University and the Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has developed a sea level rise–related inundation risk database for the coastal zone of Thanh Hoa province. Based on digital elevation models (DEM), remote sensing data, and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios, the study provides a quantitative assessment of the projected increase in inundation risk over time, thereby clarifying potential impacts on coastal land use patterns at the time milestones of 2050, 2080, and 2100.

In the mountainous communes of A Luoi district (Hue city), where the livelihoods of ethnic minority communities are closely linked to forests, land, and water resources, climate change is no longer an abstract concept. It has become increasingly tangible through successive seasons of storms, floods, and droughts. Based on field surveys conducted in A Roang and Hong Ha communes, a study by a research team from Hue University provides locally grounded evidence on the major types of natural disasters, their levels of impact, and the ways in which local communities have been adapting during the period 2020–2024.

In the context of accelerating climate change, sea-level rise, and increasingly severe coastal erosion in the Mekong Delta, field-based scientific evidence on the coastal protection functions of mangrove forests (MF) has become critically important for shoreline planning and management. Recently, a research team comprising Ly Trung Nguyen, Danh Tinh, and Le Thanh Khang from the College of the Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, completed a large-scale field study in coastal mangrove forests located in the former Soc Trang province, now administratively part of Can Tho city.

In the context of rapidly increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in urban areas, digital transformation is opening significant opportunities to improve the efficiency of waste collection, transportation, treatment, and recycling. The study conducted by Phan Thi Hai Luyen and Pham Quang Dung (Vietnam National University of Agriculture) provides a comprehensive overview of digital technologies—including the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and smart management models—together with a SWOT analysis assessing the feasibility of applying such technologies in Vietnam. Findings indicate that digital transformation can deliver substantial improvements, although challenges remain in terms of infrastructure, investment costs, and public awareness.

In recent years, agriculture has continued to play an important role in Quang Ninh’s local economic structure and remains a key source of livelihoods for tens of thousands of farming households. Beyond its economic contribution, the sector underpins rural employment and social stability across many districts. However, the development of key agricultural product value chains in the province still faces persistent challenges, including fragmented small-scale production, aging fruit orchards, unstable consumption markets, and increasing risks associated with climate change.

In the U Minh Thuong area (formerly Kien Giang province, now part of An Giang), the shrimp–rice system has long been regarded as a key production model. Yet in recent years, the system has been under pressure due to salinization, soil degradation, and continuous shrimp farming, all of which have contributed to declining yields and deteriorating water quality. A research team from Can Tho University conducted a field trial using two native aquatic plant species — Nan tuong (Scirpus littoralis) and Co nuoc man (Paspalum vaginatum) — in shrimp ponds. Their findings show that these plants can improve water conditions and increase black tiger shrimp productivity by 14–21%, offering a promising biological management approach for shrimp–rice systems in the Mekong Delta.

A research team from the Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)—including Le Thi Hai Ninh, Pham Thi Hai Thinh, Nguyen Duc Nui, and Duong Van Nam—has carried out a study on phosphorus recovery from natural rubber processing wastewater using the struvite precipitation method.

The study “Reducing CO₂ emissions from the coffee value chain toward sustainable agriculture” was conducted by the research team including Thai Phuong Vu, Nguyen Thi Mong Quynh, Nguyen Khuong Duyen, Tran Thi Que Tran, and Nguyen Thi Cam Tien from the Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment. This research is of significant importance as Vietnam’s coffee sector plays a key role in agricultural export while facing increasing pressure to mitigate greenhouse gas (CO₂) emissions across the entire value chain—from cultivation and harvesting to processing and consumption.

During 2023–2024, a research team from the Institute of Biology (Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology – VAST), in collaboration with the Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST) and the Center for Technology and Nature Conservation, carried out an extensive survey to document the fish species composition in freshwater bodies, as well as tung and ang (karst sinkhole lakes and semi-enclosed lagoons) on the islands of Bai Tu Long Bay and Ha Long Bay. This represents one of the few dedicated studies on these semi-isolated karst water systems—often considered “forgotten biological refugia” within the World Heritage landscape.

A large-scale study conducted by researchers Nguyen Dinh Tao, Dang Van Dong, and Le Hung Anh of the Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), and the Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST) has produced the first integrated assessment of stream fish diversity in the Dong Chau – Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve in Quang Tri province.

Government Decree No. 98/2018/NĐ-CP, which sets out policies to encourage cooperation and linkages in agricultural production and marketing, has been the most important legal foundation, enabling nearly 3,000 linkage projects to be approved over six years. Yet in-depth analyses show two systemic constraints still holding back progress: legal and practical obstacles to land consolidation for large-scale production, and limited access to credit for cooperatives.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Depending on the processing method, various by-products are generated, yet these materials remain substantially underutilized in Vietnam. Recognizing this gap, a research team from Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, and Quy Nhon University conducted a study titled “Coffee by-products: Chemical composition and potential applications in food processing.” By compiling and analyzing the characteristics of key by-products—coffee pulp, mucilage, husk, parchment, silver skin, and spent coffee grounds—the authors identified noteworthy levels of dietary fiber, polyphenols, caffeine, and multiple antioxidant compounds. Based on these findings, the study evaluates potential applications in beverage development, extraction of bioactive compounds, enzyme production, and food processing, thereby opening pathways to add value to coffee by-products in Vietnam.

Following the data-building and field-validation groundwork outlined in Part 1, this second installment, led by Le Nhu Nga and colleagues at the Institute of Mechanics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, examines how three machine-learning models were tested against the complexities of Vietnam’s mountainous terrain. Each algorithm offered a different path to decoding the nonlinear interactions that drive flash-flood formation—yet the performance gap between them also reflected the physical realities of steep slopes, fractured bedrock, and highly variable extreme rainfall.

Flash floods in Vietnam’s northern mountains are not only tallied in annual disaster statistics, they shape the land, livelihoods, and planning decisions across entire districts. As climate change intensifies extreme rainfall, the demand for reliable and accessible hazard maps becomes urgent. A research team from the Institute of Mechanics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) has demonstrated that Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) can meet this demand, producing high-precision, data-driven maps of flash flood risk for the northern communes of Tuyen Quang province, an area once part of Ha Giang’s rugged highlands.

From familiar plants such as okra, jute, Malabar spinach, and aloe vera, a research team from Kien Giang University has explored a new pathway to improve the treatment of domestic wastewater—one of the major pollution sources, accounting for more than 30% of all wastewater generated today. The study found that okra extract, a natural and readily available plant-based coagulant substance, achieved a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 64.18%, reduced turbidity by more than 89%, and significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal when combined with PAC. These findings suggest strong potential for using plant-derived coagulant substances in small-scale household and community wastewater treatment models.

As Vietnam advances toward digital government and modern natural resource management, the land sector has emerged as a pioneering field requiring institutional, technological, and data governance reforms. A research group from the Department of Land Management under the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, including experts Nguyen Khac The, Dinh Hong Phong, and Tran Van Tien, has conducted the study “Legal basis and requirements for institutional improvement in the implementation of electronic certificates of land use rights and ownership of assets attached to land.”